Do you have prior knowledge in Ancient Greek, French, German, Latin, and/or Spanish,
. . . but earned no college credit for it yet?

If so, it’s absolutely imperative that you take our

Placement Exams prior to and/or during Orientation in August*!!!

Why? Because these exams offer you the great, but ONE-TIME-ONLY chance of

1. placing into courses above the Elementary I level and/or
2. TESTING OUT of Franciscan University’s Intermediate-level foreign language requirement for B.A. degrees and/or
3. placing into upper-division language, literature and culture courses!

BE THERE OR BE SQUARE!!! This opportunity will not come around again until next August!!!

IMPORTANT: You really must/should take this exam no matter whether you are planning on pursuing any of these languages at Franciscan University and no matter whether your current major has a language requirement. Why? Because plans and majors change more often than you think! What if you suddenly decide to add a major that has a language requirement? — Well, hopefully, you’ll be dancing for joy that you took our online and/or paper-based “testing-out/placement” exams in French, German, Ancient Greek, Latin and Spanish prior to or during Orientation!!!

Always keep in mind that, as a rule, we administer the online and/or paper-based “testing-out/placement” exams in French, German, Ancient Greek and Spanish ONCE A YEAR ONLY, and that is during ORIENTATION in August! In other words, don’t miss out on this one-time-only opportunity. Besides, you have NOTHING TO LOSE, ONLY TO GAIN by taking the online and/or paper-based “testing-out/placement” exam in French, German, Ancient Greek, Latin and/or Spanish*!

*Note for German and Spanish Languages: Students with prior knowledge in German and/or Spanish ought to take our GERMAN and/or SPANISH ONLINE Placement Exam first / PRIOR TO ARRIVAL ON CAMPUS — see below — to prequalify for the paper-based “testing out/placement exam” during August Orientation. If your score is high enough, you’ll be asked to take the paper-based “testing-out/placement exam,” which is given during August Orientation ONLY. So, be prudent: 1) take the Online German and/or Spanish Placement Exam A.S.A.P. for your chance to prequalify for your personal one-time-only opportunity in August to test out of the Intermediate-level foreign language requirement and/or into upper-division German and/or Spanish; and 2) if invited, be sure to take the paper-based German and/or Spanish “testing-out/placement” exam during August Orientation!!!

*Note for Latin: Latin is now offered as an Online-Only option. Students with prior knowledge in Latin ought to take our Latin Online-Only Placement/Testing-out Exam PRIOR TO ARRIVAL ON CAMPUS — see below.

Placement exam information for specific languages:

• Ancient Greek Language Placement Exam
  • Ancient Greek language placement exams are not currently conducted online.
  • For information about the Ancient Greek Language Placement Exam during Fall Orientation in August and/or related matters, please visit this page.
  • If, after consulting the information provided in the previous link, you still have further questions and/or concerns, please contact the Chair of the Classics Department.

• French Language Placement Exam
  • French language placement exams currently are not conducted on-line.
  • For information about the French Language Placement Exam during Fall Orientation in August and/or related matters, please visit this page.
  • If, after consulting the information provided in the previous link, you still have further questions and/or concerns, please contact the Chair of the Modern Languages and Literatures Department.

• German Language Placement Exam
  • Student Access to the Franciscan University German Placement Exam:
    • The German Language Placement Exam is conducted on a system called WebCAPE.
      Disclaimer: Misrepresenting your knowledge on this exam violates the University Code of Conduct. Furthermore, it jeopardizes your potential for academic success. Although we realize that misrepresenting your knowledge level is possible, it will only cause you to be either over or under challenged once enrolled in the course. The intent of our program is to set students up for success in their continued studies of one or more of the languages we offer, by placing them in a language course that, as much as possible, allows them to build and expand upon their prior knowledge of the language studied. The goal is to place students in a course that, given due effort on their part, neither completely over-challenges nor under-challenges them.
    • When you access the exam using the link below, you will be asked for a password. The Student access password for the Franciscan University German Placement Exam is: barons1
    • Note 1: In the menu of available languages. be sure to select “German.”
    • Note 2: You may take this exam online as often as you wish.
    • Now you may access the Franciscan University German Placement Exam, here.
    • Go here for additional placement/testing related information.
  • If, after consulting the information provided in the previous link, you still have further questions and/or concerns, please contact the Chair of the Modern Languages and Literatures Department.

• Latin Language Placement/Testing Out Exam
  • The Latin Placement/Testing Out Exam is conducted on the Franciscan University e-Learning System (FUeLS).
  • To obtain access credentials and instructions, please e-mail Dr. Joseph Almeida, Chair of the Classics Department: [email protected].
  • Please allow for five business days for your request to be processed.
  • You then will receive an e-mail with your access credentials and instructions.
  • Go here for additional placement/testing related information.
  • If, after consulting the information provided in the previous link, you still have further questions and/or concerns, please contact the Chair of the Classics Department.

• Spanish Language Placement Exam
  • Placement into Spanish Courses: General Guidelines
  • Student Access to the Franciscan University Spanish Placement Exam:
    • The Spanish Language Placement Exam is conducted on a system called WebCAPE.
      Disclaimer: Misrepresenting your knowledge on this exam violates the University Code of Conduct. Furthermore, it jeopardizes your potential for academic success. Although we realize that misrepresenting your knowledge level is possible, it will only cause you to be either over or under challenged once enrolled in the course. The intent of our program is to set students up for success in their continued studies of one or more of the languages we offer, by placing them in a language course that, as much as possible, allows them to build and expand upon their prior knowledge of the language studied. The goal is to place students in a course that, given due effort on their part, neither completely over-challenges nor under-challenges them.
    • When you access the exam using the link below, you will be asked for a password. The Student access password for the Franciscan University Spanish Placement Exam is: barons1
    • Note 1: In the menu of available languages. be sure to select “Spanish.”
    • Note 2: You may take this exam online as often as you wish.
    • Now you may access the Franciscan University Spanish Placement Exam
  • Go here for additional placement/testing related information.
  • If, after consulting the information provided in the previous link, you still have further questions and/or concerns, please contact the Chair of the Modern Languages and Literatures Department.

Faculty and Staff Management of the Franciscan University German and/or Spanish Language Placement Exams:

• Faculty and Staff may access the German and Spanish Online Language Placement Exam for exam results here: Faculty and Staff Management Utility.
• However, access credentials must be obtained from the Modern Languages and Literatures Department.

Ancient Greek, French, German, Latin, and Spanish Placement Exam
Purposes:

1. To set students up for success in their continued studies of one or more of the languages mentioned above by placing them in a language course that, as much as possible, allows them to build and expand upon their prior knowledge of the language studied. The goal is to place students in a course that, given due effort on their part, neither completely over-challenges nor under-challenges them.
2. To ascertain whether students with considerable prior knowledge of one of the languages mentioned above have enough knowledge to “test out” of the University’s Intermediate-level foreign language requirement that applies to all students who want to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree, i.e. a B.A. degree in Biology, Catechetics, Chemistry, Classics, Communication Arts, Drama, Economics, English, French, German, History, Humanities and Catholic Culture, Legal Studies, Music, Philosophy, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology, Spanish, and/or Theology.

PLACEMENT TEST DATES, TIMES, AND VENUES

Ancient Greek

The Placement/Testing-Out Exam in Ancient Greek will be administered on Friday, August 24, 2018 (exact time & place TBA). Note: If you want to take a placement/testing-out exam in two languages and/or missed your Ancient Greek Placement/Testing-Out Exam on Friday, there will be a second opportunity to take the Placement/Testing-Out Exam in Ancient Greek on Monday, August 27, 2018 (exact time TBA) in Egan 205 (Language Learning Center/Café).

French

The Placement/Testing-Out Exam in French will be administered on Friday, August 24, 2018 (exact time & place TBA). Note: If you want to take a placement/testing-out exam in two languages and/or missed your French Placement/Testing-Out Exam on Friday, there will be a second opportunity to take the Placement/Testing-Out Exam in French on Monday, August 27, 2018 (exact time TBA) in Egan 205 (Language Learning Center/Café).

German

The German Placement Test is administered online and MUST be taken prior to your arrival at the University. For information on how to take the test online, please go back to the main Placement Exam page and click on the pertinent links. Also,

1. if you are unsatisfied with your online test score or
2. your online test score indicates that you might have a chance at testing out of the University’s Intermediate level foreign language requirement for B.A. degrees,

Your only opportunity to take the paper-based German Testing-Out/Placement Exam is during New Student Orientation in August 2018 (exact time & place TBA).

If you have any further questions, please e-mail Prof. Engel-Doyle at [email protected].

Latin

The Latin Placement Test is administered online only and ought to be taken prior to your arrival at the University.

• To obtain access credentials and instructions, please e-mail Dr. Joseph Almeida, Chair of the Classics Department: [email protected].
• Please allow for five business days for your request to be processed.
• You then will receive an e-mail with your access credentials and instructions.
• If you still have further questions and/or concerns, please contact the Chair of the Classics Department.

Spanish

The Spanish Placement Test is administered online and MUST be taken prior to your arrival at the University. For information on how to take the test online, please go back to the main Placement Exam page and click on the pertinent links. Also,

• if you are unsatisfied with your online test score or
• your online test score indicates that you might have a chance at testing out of the University’s Intermediate level foreign language requirement for B.A. degrees,

Your only opportunity to take the paper-based SpanishTesting-Out/Placement Exam is during New Student Orientation in August 2018 (exact time & place TBA).

If you have any further questions, please e-mail Prof. Engel-Doyle at [email protected].

Who SHOULD TAKE the Placement/Testing-Out Exam?

All students with prior knowledge of one or more of the languages mentioned above who have acquired their knowledge through avenues other than college courses and who did not take exams such as AP or CLEP or who did NOT score high enough on these exams to earn college-level credits. This includes:

• students with previous language study in high school (but who did not take an AP Exam in a foreign language or who took the AP exam, but did not reach a test score of at least 3 on that exam);
• students who grew up bilingual; and
• students who are native speakers of the above-mentioned languages.

Who does NOT need to take the Placement/Testing Out Exam?

• If you transferred college-level language credits into Franciscan University in the language you wish to continue studying here, you should simply enroll in the next-higher language course offered here at Franciscan. If you are at all in doubt about your placement, please consult Prof. Beate Engel-Doyle (Modern Languages) or Dr. Joseph Almeida (Classics) during Baron Days in June and/or Orientation in August.
• Impact of taking the AP exam
  If you took the AP exam for the language you are interested in studying and scored 3 or higher, you do not need to take the placement exam, provided the Registrar’s Office receives the proper documentation. See language-specific placements:
  • French: If you scored 3 or higher you will receive six (6) intermediate-level college-level credits from Franciscan University.
  • German: If you scored a 3 you will receive six (6) elementary-level credits. If you scored a 4 or higher you will receive six elementary-level AND six (6) intermediate-level credits.
  • Spanish: If you scored a 3 you will receive six (6) elementary-level credits. If you scored a 4 you will receive six (6) elementary-level AND three (3) intermediate-level credits. If you scored a 5 you will receive six (6) elementary-level AND six (6) intermediate-level credits.
    Again: The Registrar must receive proper documentation for this to take effect.
• As soon as you have received six (6) intermediate-level credits, you have satisfied the University’s intermediate-level foreign language requirement for the B.A. degree and now are free to enroll in higher-level courses in that language.
• If you are going to study a language here at Franciscan University, but have never taken a course in that language before and have not acquired knowledge of that language through any other means, there is no point to your taking a placement exam for that language. After consulting with your academic advisor / the department in which you intend to major, you simply enroll in French 101, German 101, Greek 101, Hebrew 105, Latin 103, or Spanish 101.

Please NOTE: IMPORTANT!

You do NOT earn ANY college-level credit by taking the placement exam in any language. This exam is merely for placement (and/or “testing out”).

• In order to earn college-level credit hours for French, German and/or Spanish courses that you tested out of by placing into higher-level courses, you must take the CLEP test. The CLEP exam is not administered by the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures. Rather, the CLEP exam (and any information about it), is available through the University’s Student Academic Support Services (SASS), located on the 1st floor of Egan. For details please contact Katheryn Easterday at [email protected] or by phone at 284-5263.
• In order to earn college-level credit hours in Latin and/or Greek, please see Dr. Joseph Almeida during Baron Days in June and/or Orientation in August about the possibility of your earning credit by exam.
• Finally, please note that the option of credit by exam in French, German and Spanish is granted only under special/extenuating circumstances and is entirely at the discretion of the full-time faculty member who would administer the exam.

Frequently Asked Questions & Some Answers:

Question: “I took language X in high school, but now I want to study another language. Is that possible?”

Answer: Yes, you are free to study any language of your choosing that we offer.

Question: “If I took language X for a few years in high school, but now I want to embark on studying language Y, do I have to take the placement exam?”

Answer: No, you do not have to. You simply enroll in the first intro level course for language Y. However, you may want to take the placement exam for language X if you think that your knowledge of language X might be sufficient to test out of the University’s Intermediate-level foreign language requirement for B.A. degrees. After all, testing out of the requirement does not bar you from either continuing with further advanced level studies of language X or from starting to learn language Y.

Question: “I plan to major in a field that awards a Bachelor of Science degree. I understand that therefore I do not have to fulfill the University’s foreign language requirement that pertains to Bachelor of Arts degree students. Does that mean that I am barred from taking language courses even if I want to study/continue studying a language?”

Answer: No, you are free to study/continue studying any language that we offer. However, you should consult with your advisor/academic major department to make sure that doing so fits in with your degree program. Except for a few pre-professional degree programs, it usually will.

Question: “I want to study more than one language. Is that possible?”

Answer: Yes, of course. And if you need/want to take more than one placement exam in the modern languages, please, see the Chair of the Department of Modern and Literatures. She will be more than happy to administer the French or German Placement Exam to you on Friday, August 24, 2018 (exact time & place TBA). (see above).

Question: “If my scores are high enough for me to test out of the University’s Intermediate-level language requirement for B.A. degrees, does that mean that I no longer am able to continue studying a language here at Franciscan?”

Answer: No, not all. Quite on the contrary! You are invited to continue your language studies in our advanced level language courses and/or to embark on studying another language. Better yet, you might want to consider becoming a language minor or major, or a double major in a language and practically any other degree program that the University offers. Please feel free to contact the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures or the Classics faculty to find out more about this exciting option.

What is Franciscan University of Steubenville’s foreign language requirement? The University requires that all students in B.A. programs fulfill their foreign language requirement by either:

1. Successful completion of six (6) credits at the Intermediate level in either Ancient Greek, Biblical Hebrew, French, German, Latin or Spanish or
2. Demonstration of equivalent proficiency, either with equivalent college-level transfer credits or by exam.

Determining your Appropriate Level in Spanish:

1. Students who have credits in Spanish from another college or university, via CLEP, or who earned an officially documented AP score of 3 or higher: 
   The Registrar, upon receipt of proper documentation, will determine equivalency levels and your academic major department / academic major advisor will let you know if you still have to take more Spanish to meet Franciscan University’s language requirement.
2. Students who do not have any college-level credits in Spanish:
   1. Students who wish to take Spanish and have no knowledge or very little exposure to the language: take Spanish 101. It is offered primarily during fall semesters, with limited availability during spring semesters (and sometimes during the summer, but please do not rely on summer offerings as we cannot guarantee them). Be sure to consult the most up to date course schedule to see what is available.
   2. If you have had Spanish in high school or some other context, please take Franciscan University’s Online Placement Exam in Spanish.

Accessing the Online Spanish Placement Exam:

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS AND THE DISCLAIMER FIRST.

1. Follow the directions and take the exam.
2. You may try as many times as you like—your placement is based only on your highest score.
3. For information on how to interpret your test results or if you have further questions, please go back to the “Placement Exams” page on Franciscan University’s web site and click on “Placement into Spanish Courses: General Guidelines.”
4. Disclaimer: Misrepresenting your knowledge on this exam violates the University Code of Conduct. Furthermore, it jeopardizes your potential for academic success. Although we realize that misrepresenting your knowledge level is possible, it will only cause you to be either over or under challenged once enrolled in the course. The intent of our program is to set students up for success in their continued studies of one or more of the languages we offer, by placing them in a language course that, as much as possible, allows them to build and expand upon their prior knowledge of the language studied. The goal is to place students in a course that, given due effort on their part, neither completely overchallenges nor underchallenges them.
5. The password is barons1
6. You can take the placement exam here after reading the previous instructions.

Interpreting the Online Spanish Placement Exam Results:

• If you score below 250 on this exam, please register for SPN 101, Elementary Spanish, Part 1.
• If you score 250-349 on this exam, please register for SPN 102, Elementary Spanish, Part 2. If you are in doubt about this, please consult “Material Covered in Spanish 101, 102, 201 and 202” below. If, after consulting this material, you feel you are not ready for Part 2 of Elementary Spanish, you may begin with 101, Elementary, Part 1.
• If you score 350-450 on this exam, please register for SPN 201, Intermediate Spanish, Part 1. If you are in doubt about this, please consult “Material Covered in Spanish 101, 102, 201 and 202” below. If, after consulting this material, you feel you are not ready for Intermediate-level Spanish, you may begin with 102, Elementary, Part 2.
• If you score 451 or above, you may be eligible to “place out” of Franciscan University’s foreign language requirement. However, since the online placement exam can NOT be used to fulfill the language requirement and/or to test into higher-level Spanish courses, this can ONLY be done by either:
  • taking an additional FREE-of-charge paper-based placement / testing-out exam administered by the Department of Modern Languages & Literatures during New Student Orientation in August (exact time and place TBA);and/or
  • by taking the CLEP exam. The CLEP exam is not administered by the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures. Rather, the CLEP exam (and any information about it), is available through the University’s Student Academic Services (SAS), located on the 1st floor of Egan. Please contact Katheryn Easterday at [email protected] or by phone at 284-5358 for details. — Note: The CLEP exam is NOT FREE of charge. However, it has the advantage i) that you can make an appointment to take it throughout most of the year and ii) that you might qualify to earn college-level credit hours for the French, German and/or Spanish courses that you tested out of (provided that you have not received academic credit for any higher level Spanish courses prior to taking the CLEP exam).

Ready to Test out ouf the University’s Language Requirement?
Ready for Spanish Courses Beyond the Intermediate-level?
Unsatisfied with Your Onlice Spanish Placement Result?

1. If you are unsatisfied with your online test score or
2. if your online test score indicates that you might have a chance at testing out of the University’s Intermediate-level foreign- language requirement for B.A. degrees and/or
3. if your online test score is 451 or above and you want to qualify for taking a Spanish course above the Intermediate level,

You MUST/should take the FREE-of-charge paper-based Spanish Testing-Out/Placement Exam that will be given during New Student Orientation in August (exact time and place TBA). IMPORTANT: this is a ONE- TIME-ONLY opportunity. So don’t miss this important exam date!!!

(If you miss it, you will have to pay for the CLEP test in order to test out of the University’s Intermediate-level language requirement for the B.A. degree and/or into any Spanish course higher than 201. Note: the CLEP exam is not administered by the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures. Rather, the exam, including any information about it, is available through the University’s Student Academic Services, located on the 1st floor of Egan. Please contact Katheryn Easterday at [email protected] or by phone at 284-5358 for details.)

Further Questions? Unsure About Something?

If you have any further questions, please e-mail Prof. Engel-Doyle at [email protected].

Special Notes and Possible Areas of Confusion

1. All B.A. programs require 6 credits of Intermediate-level foreign language or equivalent proficiency. However some programs specify only 201-202 on their typical program sheets, assuming that students will understand that they need elementary proficiency to enter 201. One problem that results from this is that sometimes students do not realize that they need to take Elementary-level language courses first. If you are not ready for 201, you will have to begin with Elementary Spanish, either 101 or 102 depending on your placement exam results. Please take this into account when you are planning your academic schedule.
2. Spanish courses must be taken in sequence. Since all courses from 102 onwards build on the knowledge base established in the previous course, language courses cannot be skipped or taken out of sequence.

Semesters When Spanish Courses Are Offered:

• Not all Spanish courses are offered every semester in Steubenville. In general, SPN 101 and SPN 201 (Elementary Part 1, and Intermediate Part 1) are offered in the Fall, with SPN 102 & SPN 202 (Elementary Part 2, and Intermediate Part 2) being offered in the Spring. There is limited availability for the inverse (i.e., 101/201 in the spring and 102/202 in the fall).
• Spanish in Austria: We do not currently offer Spanish courses in Austria. Thus, any students planning to take advantage of our Austria program will need to plan their Spanish courses accordingly.
• Steubenville Summer Offerings in Spanish: Since 2005, Elementary and Intermediate Spanish have been offered during Summer sessions. However, there is NO guarantee about future summers. Please take this into account when planning your academic degree program. Please check with the Department of Modern Languages to ascertain the availability of such courses.

MATERIAL COVERED IN SPN 101, 102, 201 AND 202:

• SPN 101:
  • Communicative Contexts and Vocabulary:
    • Greetings and farewells
    • Identifying oneself and others
    • Expressions of courtesy
    • The classroom and academic life
    • Fields of study and academic subjects
    • Days of the Week
    • Class schedules
    • Family
    • Professions and occupations
    • Pastimes, hobbies and sports
    • Places in the city
  • Grammatical Structures:
    • Nouns and descriptive adjectives; agreement with definite and indefinite articles
    • Numbers 0-100
    • Telling time
    • The verb ser
    • The verb estar
    • The present tense of -ar, -er, and -ir verbs
    • Forming questions
    • Possessive adjectives
    • Present tense of tener, venir, ir
    • Present tense of stem-changing verbs
    • Present tense of verbs with irregular yo forms
    • Weather expressions
  • Cultural points of focus in the Hispanic World:
    • Greetings and introductions
    • University life
    • Hispanic families
    • The importance of “el fútbol” (soccer) in the Hispanic world
  • Aspects of pronunciation/writing emphasized:
    • General alphabet
    • Vowels
    • Diphthongs
    • Stress and accent marks
• SPN 102:
  • Communicative Contexts and Vocabulary:
    • Travel and vacation
    • Months and seasons of the year
    • Ordinal numbers
    • Clothing and shopping
    • Negotiating a price and buying
    • Colors
    • Daily routine
    • Personal hygiene
    • Time expressions
    • Food and meals
  • Grammatical Structures:
    • Ser and Estar
    • Present progressive
    • Direct objects (nouns and pronouns)
    • Personal “a”
    • Numbers 101 and higher
    • Preterite tense of regular verbs
    • Indirect object pronouns
    • Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns
    • Reflexive verbs
    • Indefinite and negative words
    • Preterite of ser and ir
    • Gustar and similar verbs
    • Preterite of stem-changing verbs
    • Double object pronouns
    • Saber and Conocer
    • Comparatives and superlatives
    • Pronouns after prepositions
  • Cultural points of focus in the Hispanic World:
    • Lodging
    • Open-air markets
    • Typical daily schedules in the Hispanic world
    • Hispanic food
  • Aspects of pronunciation/writing emphasized:
    • Spanish b and v
    • The consonants d and t
    • The consonants r and rr
    • The sounds represented by ll, & ñ, c, and z
• SPN 201:
  • Communicative Contexts and Vocabulary:
    • Parties and celebrations
    • Personal relationships
    • Life’s stages
    • Health and medical terms
    • Parts of the body
    • Symptoms and medical conditions
    • Automobiles and automotive accessories
    • Electronic products
    • Computers and peripherals
    • Parts of a house
    • Household chores
    • Table settings
  • Grammatical Structures:
    • Dar and Decir
    • Irregular preterites
    • Verbs that change meaning in the preterite: (conocer, saber, querer, and poder)
    • ¿Qué? and ¿cuál?
    • Imperfect tense
    • Constructions with se
    • Adverbs
    • Time expressions with hacer
    • Preterite and imperfect
    • Por and para
    • Reciprocal reflexives
    • Stressed possessive adjectives and pronouns
    • Relative pronouns
    • Formal commands
    • Present subjunctive
    • Subjunctive with verbs of will and influence
  • Cultural points of focus in the Hispanic World:
    • Hispanic celebrations
    • Medical care in Hispanic countries
    • Transportation in Hispanic cities
    • Housing in the Hispanic world
  • Aspects of pronunciation/writing emphasized:
    • h, j, and g
    • Accentuation and strong syllables
    • Accentuation in the case of similar words
    • Upper and lower-case
• SPN 202:
  • Communicative Contexts and Vocabulary:
    • Nature and the environment
    • Recycling and conservation
    • City life
    • Daily chores
    • Money and banking
    • Post office
    • Health and well-being
    • Exercise and physical activity
    • Nutrition
    • Professions and occupations (part II)
    • The workplace
    • Job interviews
    • The arts, movies and television
    • Current events, the media and natural disasters
  • Grammatical Structures:
    • Subjunctive with verbs of emotion
    • Subjunctive with doubt, disbelief and denial
    • Subjuntive with certain conjunctions
    • Subjunctive in adjective clauses
    • Tú commands
    • Nosotros commands
    • Past participles used as adjectives
    • Present perfect
    • Past perfect
    • Present perfect subjunctive
    • Future tense
    • Future perfect
    • Past subjunctive
    • Conditional tense
    • Conditional perfect
    • Past perfect subjunctive
    • Sí clauses: real vs. hypothetical, contrary-to-fact situations
  • Cultural points of focus in the Hispanic World:
    • Ecotourism
    • Specialized shops
    • Attitudes toward physical fitness and exercise
    • Women in the workplace
    • Hispanic film
    • The media in the Hispanic world
  • Aspects of pronunciation/writing emphasized:
    • Punctuation in Spanish
    • Abbreviations
    • b and v in writing
    • y, ll, and h